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Top Stories 31ST
ANNUAL CONVENTION! Legislation Journal
of the American Naturopathic Facts |
ANMA ONLINE REFERENCES Volume 9 Number 3
Should We Attribute Potential Pro-arrhythmic Properties to Omega-3 Fatty Acids or Only to Fish Oil?
By: Tina Sampalis, M.D., Ph.D. REFERENCES 1. Harrison RA. Elton PJ. Is there a role for long-chain omega3 or oil-rich fish in the treatment of atrial fibrillation?. [Journal Article] Medical Hypotheses. 64(1):59-63, 2005 2. Biscione F. Totteri A. De Vita A. Lo Bianco F. Altamura G. [Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the prevention of atrial arrhythmias]. [Italian] [Evaluation Studies. Journal Article] Italian Heart Journal Supplement. 6(1):53-9, 2005 Jan. 3. Geelen A. Brouwer IA. Schouten EG. Maan AC. Katan MB. Zock PL. Effects of n-3 fatty acids from fish on premature ventricular complexes and heart rate in humans. [Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial] American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 81(2):416-20, 2005 Feb. 4. Harris WS. Are omega-3 fatty acids the most important nutritional modulators of coronary heart disease risk?. [Review] [13 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 6(6):447-52, 2004 Nov. 5. Mozaffarian D. Psaty BM. Rimm EB. Lemaitre RN. Burke GL. Lyles MF. Lefkowitz D. Siscovick DS. Fish intake and risk of incident atrial fibrillation. [Journal Article] Circulation. 110(4):368-73, 2004 Jul 27. 6. Geelen A. Brouwer IA. Zock PL. Katan MB. Antiarrhythmic effects of n-3 fatty acids: evidence from human studies. [Review] [60 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Current Opinion in Lipidology. 15(1):25-30, 2004 Feb. 7. Xiao YF. Ke Q. Chen Y. Morgan JP. Leaf A. Inhibitory effect of n-3 fish oil fatty acids on cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchange currents in HEK293t cells. [Journal Article] Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications. 321(1):116-23, 2004 Aug 13. 8. Covington MB. Omega-3 fatty acids.[see comment]. [Review] [34 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] American Family Physician. 70(1):133-40, 2004 Jul 1. 9. Schrepf R. Limmert T. Claus Weber P. Theisen K. Sellmayer A. Immediate effects of n-3 fatty acid infusion on the induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia.[see comment]. [Clinical Trial. Journal Article] Lancet. 363(9419):1441-2, 2004 May 1. 10. von Schacky C. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. [Review] [48 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care. 7(2):131-6, 2004 Mar. 11. De Caterina R. Madonna R. Zucchi R. La Rovere MT. Antiarrhythmic effects of omega-3 fatty acids: from epidemiology to bedside.[erratum appears in Am Heart J. 2004 Jun;147(6):IN1]. [Review] [101 refs] [Journal Article. Review] American Heart Journal. 146(3):420-30, 2003 Sep 12. Geelen A. Zock PL. Swenne CA. Brouwer IA. Schouten EG. Katan MB. Effect of n-3 fatty acids on heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity in middle-aged subjects. [Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial] American Heart Journal. 146(2):E4, 2003 Aug. 13. Leaf A. Xiao YF. Kang JX. Billman GE. Prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. [Review] [75 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 98(3):355-77, 2003 Jun. 14. Mozaffarian D. Lemaitre RN. Kuller LH. Burke GL. Tracy RP. Siscovick DS. Cardiovascular Health Study. Cardiac benefits of fish consumption may depend on the type of fish meal consumed: the Cardiovascular Health Study.[see comment]. [Journal Article] Circulation. 107(10):1372-7, 2003 Mar 18. 15. Geelen A. Brouwer IA. Zock PL. Kors JA. Swenne CA. Katan MB. Schouten EG. (N-3) fatty acids do not affect electrocardiographic characteristics of healthy men and women. [Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial] Journal of Nutrition. 132(10):3051-4, 2002 Oct. 16. Marchioli R. Barzi F. Bomba E. Chieffo C. Di Gregorio D. Di Mascio R. Franzosi MG. Geraci E. Levantesi G. Maggioni AP. Mantini L. Marfisi RM. Mastrogiuseppe G. Mininni N. Nicolosi GL. Santini M. Schweiger C. Tavazzi L. Tognoni G. Tucci C. Valagussa F. GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators. Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione.[see comment]. [Clinical Trial. Journal Article. Multicenter Study. Randomized Controlled Trial] Circulation. 105(16):1897-903, 2002 Apr 23. 17. Rosenberg IH. Fish -- food to calm the heart.[see comment][comment]. [Comment. Journal Article] New England Journal of Medicine. 346(15):1102-3, 2002 Apr 11 18. Brouwer IA. Zock PL. van Amelsvoort LG. Katan MB. Schouten EG. Association between n-3 fatty acid status in blood and electrocardiographic predictors of arrhythmia risk in healthy volunteers. [Journal Article] American Journal of Cardiology. 89(5):629-31, 2002 Mar 1. 19. Leaf A. Electrophysiologic basis for the antiarrhythmic and anticonvulsant effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. [Review] [20 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] World Review of Nutrition & Dietetics. 88:72-8, 2001. 20. Leaf A. Xiao YF. The modulation of ionic currents in excitable tissues by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. [Review] [30 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Journal of Membrane Biology. 184(3):263-71, 2001 Dec 1. 21. Leaf A. The electrophysiologic basis for the antiarrhythmic and anticonvulsant effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: heart and brain. [Review] [22 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Lipids. 36 Suppl:S107-10, 2001. 22. Abeywardena MY. Head RJ. Longchain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood vessel function. [Review] [81 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Cardiovascular Research. 52(3):361-71, 2001 Dec. 23. Das UN. Beneficial effect(s) of n-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular diseases: but, why and how?[erratum appears in Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2001 Jan;64(1):74]. [Review] [143 refs] [Journal Article. Review] Prostaglandins Leukotrienes & Essential Fatty Acids. 63(6):351-62, 2000 Dec. 24. Sellmayer A. Theisen K. Weber PC. [Omega-3 fatty acids after myocardial infarct: decreasing mortality by anti-arrhythmia effects]. [Review] [29 refs] [German] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 125(50):1542-6, 2000 Dec 15. 25. Siscovick DS. Raghunathan T. King I. Weinmann S. Bovbjerg VE. Kushi L. Cobb LA. Copass MK. Psaty BM. Lemaitre R. Retzlaff B. Knopp RH. Dietary intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of primary cardiac arrest. [Journal Article] American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 71(1 Suppl):208S-12S, 2000 Jan. 26. Leaf A. Kang JX. Xiao YF. Billman GE. n-3 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. [Review] [23 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Lipids. 34 Suppl:S187-9, 1999. 27. Billman GE. Kang JX. Leaf A. Prevention of sudden cardiac death by dietary pure omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in dogs. [Journal Article] Circulation. 99(18):2452-7, 1999 May 11. 28. Segal-Isaacson CJ. Wylie-Rosett J. The cardiovascular effects of fish oils and omega-3 fatty acids. [Review] [39 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Heart Disease. 1(3):149-54, 1999 Jul-Aug. 29. Leaf A. Kang JX. Xiao YF. Billman GE. Voskuyl RA. The antiarrhythmic and anticonvulsant effects of dietary N-3 fatty acids. [Review] [55 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Journal of Membrane Biology. 172(1):1-11, 1999 Nov 1. 30. Landmark K. [Fish, fish oils, arrhythmias and sudden death]. [Review] [43 refs] [Norwegian] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening. 118(15):2328-31, 1998 Jun 10. 31. Leaf A. Kang JX. Xiao YF. Billman GE. Dietary n-3 fatty acids in the prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. [Review] [23 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care. 1(2):225-8, 1998 Mar. 32. Connor SL. Connor WE. Are fish oils beneficial in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease?. [Review] [53 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 66(4 Suppl):1020S-1031S, 1997 Oct. 33. Leaf A. Kang JX. Dietary n-3 fatty acids in the prevention of lethal cardiac arrhythmias. [Review] [20 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Current Opinion in Lipidology. 8(1):4-6, 1997 Feb. 34. Nair SS. Leitch JW. Falconer J. Garg ML. Prevention of cardiac arrhythmia by dietary (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and their mechanism of action. [Review] [93 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Journal of Nutrition. 127(3):383-93, 1997 Mar. 35. Kang JX. Li Y. Leaf A. Regulation of sodium channel gene expression by class I antiarrhythmic drugs and n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. [Journal Article] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94(6):2724-8, 1997 Mar 18. 36. Kang JX. Leaf A. Antiarrhythmic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Recent studies. [Review] [52 refs] [Journal Article. Review. Review, Tutorial] Circulation. 94(7):1774-80, 1996 Oct 1. 37. McCarty MF. Fish oil may be an antidote for the cardiovascular risk of smoking. [Review] [166 refs] [Journal Article. Review] Medical Hypotheses. 46(4):337-47, 1996 Apr. 38. Kang JX. Leaf A. The cardiac antiarrhythmic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid. [Journal Article] Lipids. 31 Suppl:S41-4, 1996 Mar. 39. Burr ML, Ashfield-Watt PA, Dunstan FD, et al. Lack of benefit of dietary advice to men with angina: results of a controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:193-200 40. Raitt Merritt H., Connor William E., Morris Cynthia, McAnulty John, et al Fish Oil Supplementation and Risk of Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation in Patients With Implantable Defibrillators A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA. 2005;293:2884-2891 41. Albert, C. M., Campos, H., Stampfer, M. J., Ridker, P. M., Manson, J. A., Willett, W. C., & Ma, J. (2002). Blood levels of long chain n_3 fatty acids and the risk of sudden cardiac death. N Engl J Med 346, 1113– 1138. 42. Li Y., Kang J. X., Leaf A. Differential effects of various eicosanoids on the production or prevention of arrhythmias in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Prostaglandins 1997; 54:511-530. 43. McLennan P. L., Abeywardena M. Y., Charnock J. S. Influence of dietary lipids on arrhythmias and infarction after coronary artery ligation in rats. Can ] Physiol Plu~rmaco11985 ; 63:1411-1417. 44. McLennan P. L., Bridle T. M., Abeywardena M. Y., Chamock J. S. 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